Jorge Saba Arbache

Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market Jorge Saba Arbache

Marc Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index.; Co-pub. with Agence Francaise de Developpement. Table of Contents: Foreword -- About the Editors and Authors -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Overview -- Why Study Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Markets? / Jorge Saba Arbache, Ewa Filipiak, Alexandre Kolev -- Objective of this Book -- Countries Covered in the Studies -- Book Organization and Topics -- The Main Findings on Gender Disparities in Africa -- Policy Recommendations and the Way Forward -- Part 1. Stylized Facts -- 1. Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Markets: A Cross-Country Comparison Using Standardized Survey Data / Alexandre Kolev, Nicolas Sirven -- Data and Concepts -- Gender Differences in Labor Market Outcomes -- Gender Disparities at Work -- The Role of Educational Attainment and Gender Inequalities in Education -- Conclusions -- Annex -- Part 2. Disparities in Employment, Pay, Education, and other Dimensions: A Micro-Analysis -- 2. Exploring the Gender Pay Gap Through Different Age Cohorts: The Case of Ethiopia / Alexandre Kolev, Pablo Suarez Robles -- Data and Concepts -- Methodology -- Results -- Conclusions -- Annex -- 3. Gender Disparities in the Malagasy Labor Market / Christophe J. Nordman, Faly Rakotomanana, Anne-Sophie Robilliard -- Characteristics of the Malagasy Labor Market -- Data, Definitions, and Methods -- Results -- Summary and Concluding Remarks -- Annex 3A. Concepts and Methods -- Annex 3B. Summary Statistics of the Variables used in the Econometric Analysis -- Annex 3C. Determinants of Sectoral Allocation -- Annex 3D. Wage Employment Earnings Equations -- Annex 3E. Earnings Gap Decompositions for Wage Workers -- 4. Gender Differences in Pay in African Manufacturing Firms / Christophe J. Nordman, Francois-Charles Wolff -- Data and Descriptive Statistics -- Econometric Results -- Conclusions -- Annex 4A. Tables -- Annex 4B. Methodology -- 5. Addressing Gender Inequality in Ethiopia: Trends, Impacts, and the Way Forward / Caterina Ruggeri Laderchi, Hans Lofgren, Rahimaisa Abdula -- An International Perspective on Trends in Gender Disparities -- National Data on Gender Disparities over the Last Decade -- The Macroeconomic Benefits of Addressing Gender Inequalities -- Insights from the MAMS Modeling -- Conclusions and Policy Implications -- Annex 5A. Tables -- Annex 5B. A Brief Description of the Engendered Ethiopia MAMS Application -- Part 3. Disparities in Labor Income: Macro-Micro Simulations -- 6. Gender, Time use, and Labor Income in Guinea: Micro and Macro Analyses / Juan Carlos Parra Osorio, Quentin Wodon -- Introduction -- Gender, Labor Income, and Time use from Household Survey Analysis -- Macroeconomic Analysis of Sectoral Growth and Labor Income Shares -- Sectoral Demand Shocks and Impact on Labor Income Shares by Gender -- Conclusion -- Annex 6A. Construction of Total Income in the EBEIP Household Survey -- Annex 6B. Block Decomposition of the SAM Multiplier Matrix -- 7. How does Growth Affect Labor Income by Gender? A Structural Path Analysis for Tanzania / Juan Carlos Parra Osorio, Quentin Wodon -- Introduction -- Main Features of the 2001 Tanzania SAM -- Sectoral Growth and Impact on Labor Income Shares by Gender -- Structural Path Analysis -- Conclusions -- Annex 7A. Structural Path Analysis -- Part 4. Disparities in Time use -- 8. Gender Disparities in Time Allocation, Time Poverty, and Labor Allocation Across Employment Sectors in Ethiopia / Pablo Suarez Robles -- Data, Concepts, and Methodology -- Results -- Conclusions -- Annex 8A.1 Annex 8A.2 9. Domestic Work Time in Sierra Leone / Quentin Wondon, Yvonne Ying -- Introduction -- Basic Statistics -- Regression Analysis -- Conclusions -- Part 5. Disparities in Bargaining Power -- 10. Gender Labor Income Shares and Human Capital Investment in the Republic of Congo / Prospere Backiny-Yetna, Quentin Wodon -- Introduction -- Income Sources in the Republic of Congo -- Impact of Gender Labor Income Shares on Consumption -- Conclusions -- 11. Income Generation and Intra-Household Decision Making: A Gender Analysis for Nigeria / Diego Angel-Urdinola, Quentin Wodon -- Introduction -- Data and Basic Statistics -- Econometric Analysis -- Conclusions -- Annex Detailed Regression Results -- Index -- Figures -- 1.1. Labor Force Participation Rate by Gender, around 2000 -- 1.2. Relationships Between Male and Female Employment Ratios, around 2000 -- 1.3. Women's Share in Total Employment, around 2000 -- 1.4. Male-to-Female Employment Ratio by Country, around 2000 -- 1.5. Ratio of Unemployment Between Richest and Poorest Households, around 2000 -- 1.6. Incidence of Low-Paid Work in Total Wage Employment and Self-Employment, around 2000 -- 1.7. Weekly Female-to-Male Pay Ratios, around 2000 -- 1.8. Share of Employed Men and Women in Different Employment Status, around 2000 -- 1.9. Gender Differences in Sectors of Employment -- 1.10. Gender Differences in Literacy and Education, around 2000 -- 1.11. Gender Differences in Enrollment Ratios Among Children Ages 7-12 by Location, around 2000 -- 1.12. Gender Differences in Enrollment Ratios Among Children Ages 7-12 by Consumption Quintiles, around 2000 -- 3.1. Distribution of Individuals Aged 15 and Older Across all Sectors of Employment in Madagascar."Publisher Marketing: Women's earnings are a fraction of male's earnings in several African countries. It is tempting to conclude that this wage gap is a sign of discrimination against women in the labor market. Yet this book uses new datasets to show that the gap is not simply the result of discrimination in the labor markets, but rather the result of multiple factors, including access to education and credit, cultural values and household duties, and, above all, labor market conditions. It shows that gender disparities grow when economies are not functioning well and labor markets are tiny. More than the effect of discrimination, it seems that job rationing causes those with better human capital and those with more power in the household usually the men to take the few jobs that are available. It is hardly surprising, then, that in a region where only a fraction of the labor force finds jobs in the formal sector, gender disparities in earnings are so high. The book further documents that firm-level and sector characteristics are additional powerful factors in explaining the gender disparities in the labor market. As the causes are not simple, neither are the solutions; multifaceted strategies are needed. By providing environments that support economic growth and, more importantly, job creation, as well as by promoting equal access for women to education and rethinking the attitudes that limit what women may achieve, governments in the region will substantially improve the well-being of all their peoples. 'Gender Disparities in Africa's Labor Market' helps to fill the knowledge gap and identify the links between gender disparities and poverty reduction. The work was implemented in collaboration with a range of poverty and labor market studies to maximize its usefulness for policy dialogue in specific countries. This book will be of interest to policy makers, students, academics, gender experts, and all those interested in gender issues and development." Review Citations: Reference and Research Bk News 11/01/2010 pg. 121 (EAN 9780821380666, Paperback)